Susanna Godehart (PhD, Durban) writing in the Sunday Independent Forum 23/11/2008, states that decentralised renewable energy sources would avoid the huge losses incurred in long transmission lines; she also states that storing electricity from renewables (always considered to be a major stumbling block) could be most efficiently done by pumping water into dams and then running the turbines at times without wind or sunshine. She reiterates that only renewables can be brought on line quickly enough, relative to conventional power generating technologies, because those technologies are readily available and safe.